The Summer Solstice, also known as Dongzhi in Chinese, is one of the four major solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar. It usually falls on June 21 or 22 each year, marking the longest day and shortest night of the year. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is considered the beginning of summer, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it is the start of winter.

**Specific English Introduction:**
The Summer Solstice is the longest day of the year and is celebrated by various cultures around the world. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is a time to celebrate the sun's strength and the return of longer days. Here's a brief introduction:
- The word "solstice" comes from the Latin words "sol," meaning sun, and "sistere," meaning to stand still.
- During the summer solstice, the sun is at its highest point in the sky and the daylight is at its longest.
- The exact moment of the solstice is when the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, which is approximately 23.5 degrees north of the equator.
- In some cultures, the summer solstice is seen as a time of rebirth and fertility, and it is often celebrated with festivals, rituals, and feasts.
**Folk Customs of the Summer Solstice:**
1. **Solstice Celebrations**: In many cultures, the summer solstice is celebrated with festivals and gatherings. People often gather in outdoor settings to mark the longest day of the year.
2. **Sunrise Rituals**: Some people may participate in sunrise rituals, such as going to the highest point in the area to watch the sun rise and honor its power.
3. **Midsummer Celebrations**: In some countries, the summer solstice is celebrated with a festival called Midsummer. This is a time for bonfires, dancing, and feasting.
4. **Solar Observations**: Ancient cultures often used the solstice as a way to measure time and seasons. In some places, like Stonehenge in England, people still gather to align themselves with the sun's position on this day.
5. **Health and Well-being**: Some believe that the summer solstice is a time to practice self-care, spend time outdoors, and enjoy the warm weather.
6. **Fertility Rites**: In some cultures, the summer solstice was seen as a time for fertility and was celebrated with rituals designed to encourage the growth of crops and fertility in humans.
7. **Feasts and Foods**: Traditional foods are often prepared to celebrate the summer solstice. These may include seasonal fruits, vegetables, and grains, as well as special dishes that are meant to bring good luck or abundance.
These customs vary by region and culture, but the summer solstice remains a significant day that is celebrated in various ways around the world.
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