A keyboard is an input device consisting of a set of keys (usually arranged in a grid pattern) used to input text, characters, and commands into a computer, typewriter, calculator, computerized gaming system, or similar device. Keyboards are one of the primary input devices used by humans to communicate with computers and other electronic devices.

Here are some key features and types of keyboards:
1. **QWERTY Layout**: The most common keyboard layout, named after the first six letters of the top left row of keys on the keyboard, QWERTY. This layout was originally designed for typewriters to prevent jamming of the keys.
2. **Layouts for Other Languages**: Keyboards exist in various layouts tailored for different languages and typing preferences, such as AZERTY for French, QWERTZ for German, and Dvorak for English.
3. **Mechanical, Membrane, and Scissor Switch Keyboards**: These are the main types of switches used under the keys. Mechanical keyboards are known for their durability and clicky feel, while membrane keyboards are generally quieter and more affordable. Scissor switches are a compromise between the two, providing a stable key press and reduced sound.
4. **Hot Keys**: Special keys that provide shortcuts to common functions, like volume control, play/pause, or brightness adjustment.
5. **Number Keypad**: Also known as the numeric keypad, this section includes numbers and additional mathematical symbols. It's useful for calculations or entering data that requires numerical input.
6. **Layout for Special Functions**: Some keyboards have additional keys for gaming, such as programmable keys or macro buttons for executing complex commands.
7. **Wireless and USB**: Keyboards can connect to computers and devices either via USB (Universal Serial Bus) or wirelessly using Bluetooth or other wireless technologies.
8. **Size and Portability**: Keyboards vary in size, from full-sized desktop keyboards to compact and portable models, such as 60% or 75% keyboards that omit some of the keys for size and weight savings.
Keyboards are a critical tool for typing documents, coding, gaming, and performing a wide range of other tasks on computers and similar devices.
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