Oracle error code ORA-28000 is a generic error that can be raised in various scenarios within the Oracle Database. This error is often related to authentication issues, such as when a user tries to log in and there is a problem with their credentials or the session configuration.

Here are some specific causes and possible solutions for ORA-28000:
1. **Invalid Username or Password**: The most common cause is providing an incorrect username or password. Ensure that the credentials are correct and that the user has the necessary permissions to access the database.
2. **Expired Password**: If the password has expired, the user will need to change it before they can log in successfully. You can change a user's password using the following SQL command:
```sql
ALTER USER username IDENTIFIED BY new_password;
```
3. **Failed Login Attempts**: After a certain number of failed login attempts, the account might be locked. You can unlock the account using the following SQL command:
```sql
ALTER USER username ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
```
4. **Account Configuration**: Ensure that the account has not been configured with too many failed login attempts or with a lockout period. This can be configured in the database initialization parameters.
5. **Oracle Advanced Security**: If Oracle Advanced Security is enabled, there might be additional requirements for authentication, such as the use of a wallet or certificate-based authentication.
6. **Client and Server Misconfiguration**: Ensure that the client and server configurations are compatible and that the necessary network settings are correct.
7. **Network Issues**: Sometimes, network issues can prevent a user from connecting to the database, which might result in an ORA-28000 error.
To resolve the ORA-28000 error, you may need to:
- Check the database listener log for any clues about the issue.
- Verify the user credentials and permissions.
- Ensure that the account is not locked and that the password is not expired.
- Review the Oracle database configuration files for any misconfigurations.
- Check for network issues between the client and the database server.
If you have more context or specific details about the situation, I can provide more targeted assistance.
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