Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanwu Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival celebrated on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. Here is an English introduction to the origin and characteristics of the various customs associated with this festival:

**Origin:**
The Dragon Boat Festival has a long history, with its origins dating back to the Warring States period (475-221 BC). The most popular legend is about the poet Qu Yuan, who was a loyal minister to the king of the Chu state. When the king was overthrown, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River in despair. The people of Chu paddled out in boats to search for his body, and they threw rice dumplings into the river to prevent fish from eating his body. This is how the custom of dragon boat racing and eating zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) originated.
**Characteristics of the Customs:**
1. **Dragon Boat Racing:**
- This is the most famous activity of the Dragon Boat Festival. Teams of rowers compete in long boats, which are decorated with dragon heads and tails. The races are held on rivers and lakes across China, and they symbolize the search for Qu Yuan's body.
2. **Eating Zongzi:**
- Zongzi are sticky rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves or other plant leaves. They come in various shapes and fillings, such as red bean, lotus seed, and meat. Eating zongzi is a way to honor Qu Yuan and the people who searched for his body.
3. **Wearing Periwinkle Leaves:**
- Periwinkle leaves are believed to have medicinal properties that can ward off evil spirits and insects. People often wear them as a necklace or tie them to their hair during the festival.
4. **Hanging Calamus and Mugwort:**
- Calamus and mugwort are two types of herbs that are hung in homes during the Dragon Boat Festival. They are thought to protect against illness and bad luck.
5. **Drinking Realgar Wine:**
- Realgar wine is a traditional drink made from realgar, a type of ore. It is believed to have medicinal properties and is consumed to ward off evil spirits.
6. **Painting the Fingernails:**
- Young girls in some regions paint their fingernails with henna during the Dragon Boat Festival. This is believed to bring good luck and protect against evil spirits.
7. **Dragon Boat Festival Music and Dance:**
- Traditional music and dance performances are often held during the festival to celebrate the culture and history of the Dragon Boat Festival.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a time for people to honor their ancestors, celebrate their culture, and participate in various activities that have been passed down through generations.
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